Fondation pour la Nature et l'Homme
FNH
La Fondation pour la Nature et l’Homme œuvre pour que les solutions écologiques deviennent la norme de nos vies, sans laisser personne de côté.
ID: 742321394422-39
Lobbying Activity
Response to Revision of the CO2 emission standards for cars and vans
10 Oct 2025
Reaching the 2035 target of climate neutrality for cars, meaning 100% of new vehicles sold are zero-emission, is not only possible and necessary, but also an opportunity to transform our mobility system in a positive and socially beneficial way. We need to stay on course and maintain a clear and consistent goal. Any revision or softening of this target would only create more confusion for manufacturers, suppliers, and consumers alike. This target should not be viewed as a burden, but as a socially and industrially desirable horizon. Indeed, if properly anticipated and supported, the shift to electric mobility can: - Preserve and create jobs in the European automotive sector Numerous studies confirm that this transition will generate employment. In 2024, the Fondation pour la Nature et lHomme published an in-depth study showing that relocating the production of 700 000 electric city cars in France could create over 25 000 new jobs. Similarly, a Transport & Environment report estimated that more than 120 000 new jobs could be created across Europe, while warning that slowing down would put over one million jobs at risk. Without a clear commitment to the 2035 target, production will stagnate, and jobs will disappear. - Preserve Europes technological expertise Over the past two decades, Europe has seen significant delocalization of car manufacturing. In France alone, 60% of car production has been outsourced. Meanwhile, other countries are ramping up their production of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). For instance, China is still gaining significant market shares throughout the continent and remains the world leader in BEVs sales. Any delay in meeting the 2035 target would only give a further competitive advantage to international manufacturers, at the expense of European industry. - Promote the development of small, affordable, and accessible BEVs BEVs, like most modern cars, have become too large, heavy, and expensive for much of the European population. If the 2035 transition is properly planned and anticipated, with the aim of producing smaller, affordable electric cars that meet everyday mobility needs while being better for the environment, it could lead to a fair and inclusive transition for all. - Significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions BEVs emit far less CO2 than petrol or diesel vehicles, between 37% and 83% less over their life cycle, depending on where they were produced and on the electricity mix. These reductions are essential to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. Decarbonizing road transport is not optional; it is a requirement. Stay the Course: avoid confusion and false solutions Electric mobility is both beneficial for the automotive industry and essential for climate action. It is critical to maintain a clear direction and avoid introducing new flexibilities that would weaken the objective. For example: - E-fuels shouldnt be considered a future solution for cars. They can be reserved for existing vehicles, but not new models. While they may involve capturing CO2 during production, they still emit carbon when used. Monitoring their full life-cycle emissions would be complex and unreliable. Combustion engine cars should no longer be sold after 2035; thats the line we must hold. - Biofuels are typically produced using agricultural land and crops that could otherwise be used for food production. This creates a dangerous conflict between energy needs and food security. - Hydrogen for cars requires enormous amounts of energy for production, compression, transportation, and storage. The recent decision by Stellantis to end its hydrogen car program illustrates its lack of viability in this context. - Plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) are sometimes presented as a compromise solution. However, real-world data shows that they emit up to five times more CO2 than official tests claim. Maintaining the 2035 goal is essential for the automotive industry. However, we should also rec
Read full responseResponse to Clean corporate vehicles
5 Sept 2025
In France, as well as in Europe, over half of the cars sold each year are purchased by corporations (55% by corporate buyers and 45% by private individuals) and the car-related carbon emissions are largely due to those corporate-owned vehicles. Indeed, 69% of car emissions were due to corporations in France in the first semester of 2025, and 31% were due to privately owned cars. The gap is even wider at the European level, with 73% for corporate emissions and 27% for private emissions. Thus, setting ambitious targets for the vehicle fleets of large corporations is essential in order to effectively reduce the carbon emissions of cars. Strong regulations could also boost the European electric vehicle markets, as most new cars are, as previously mentioned, purchased by corporations. Corporate fleets, therefore, represent a very strategic entry point to accelerate the transition to electric vehicles. As part of the Green Deal adopted in 2019, the European Union plans to phase out the sale of combustion engine vehicles by 2035. Achieving this target will require addressing corporate demand and ensuring a transition to electric vehicles. A European regulation is therefore needed to set binding targets for corporations, as they need incentives to make that shift. The target must be ambitious, requiring 90% of new vehicles registered by large companies to be electric by 2030, for instance, and it must be enforceable. France passed a law in 2019, setting a trajectory for the electrification of fleets of more than 100 vehicles, up to 70% of annual renewals in 2030. However, this law had no effect on the market between its entry into force in 2021 and 2024, in the absence of a penalty mechanism for non-compliance. Since 2025, a penalty in the form of a tax has been introduced and the electrification of large fleets is finally accelerating. This French history highlights the need for strict EU-wide legislation, with clear monitoring and meaningful penalties for non-compliance. Without such measures, the Green Deals transport decarbonization goals are unlikely to be met, and a major opportunity to drive the BEV transition through corporate fleets will be lost. This new regulation would also complement the existing CO2 standards. To incentivize manufacturers to sell more low or zero-emission vehicles, the EU CO2 emission performance standards were created, calculating the average emissions of a manufacturers entire fleet each year. If a carmaker exceeds the target (93.6 g CO2/km for cars in 2025, 49.5 g CO2/km for cars in 2030 and 0 g CO2/km in 2035), they have to pay a fine for each gram of CO2/km over the limit per vehicle sold. Addressing the demand side of the market, thanks to a strong regulation on corporate fleets, would, therefore, help manufacturers meet their targets and push them to produce cleaner vehicles. Finally, the accessibility of electric vehicles must also be considered here. Indeed, corporate-owned cars tend to enter the second-hand market after just 3 or 4 years, meaning that the electrification of those fleets would, quickly, help more people to get access to electric vehicles as well. This is a crucial step in making clean mobility accessible to a broader segment of the population, as a majority of households rely on the second-hand market (in France, in 2022 over 85% of the cars bought by households were second-hand). Many data analyses will demonstrate how important the transition of corporate-owned fleets is in order to reach the 2035 goal of the Green Deal. Corporate fleets account for the majority of new vehicle registrations and emissions across the EU. Regulating corporate demand would create stable market conditions for BEVs, complement existing CO2 standards and generate a strong second-hand market, accessible to most. Thus, we recommend that large corporations should purchase no less than 90% of BEVs for their fleets by 2030.
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